ANSI/ASTM D2983a-2002 布鲁克非尔德粘度计测量机动车流体润滑剂低温粘度的试验方法

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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforSubsurfaceFlowandTransportModeling
【原文标准名称】:地下流量和传送带模型的制造标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD5880-1995(2006)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.21
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:地面;流体;流动;模拟;模拟;模型;地下水;地下探查;流动模型;水模型制造;计算机模型;地下流体;地下井;导则
【英文主题词】:computermodel;groundwater;simulation
【摘要】:Subsurfacefluidflowmodelingisawellestablishedtoolthatcanaidinstudyingandsolvingsoilandground-waterproblems.Evaluationofmorecomplexproblemshasbeenallowedasaresultofadvancesincomputingpowerandnumericalanalysis,yetconfusionandmisunderstandingoverapplicationofmodelsstillexists.Asaresult,someinappropriateuseoccursandsomeproblemswhichcouldbereadilyaddressedarenot.Thepurposesofthisguidearetointroducethebasicconceptsofsubsurfacefluidsmodelingandtoshowhowmodelsaredescribedandcategorized.Thisguideshouldbeusedbypracticingground-watermodelers,purchasersofmodelingservices,andbythosewishingtounderstandmodeling.1.1Thisguidecoversanoverviewofsubsurfacefluid-flow(ground-water)modeling.Thetermsubsurfacefluidflowisusedtoreducemisunderstandingregardinggroundwater,soilwater,vaporsincludingairinsubsurfacepores,andnon-aqueousphaseliquids.Increasedunderstandingoffluid-flowphenomenaisthecombinedresultoffieldinvestigationsandtheoreticaldevelopmentofmathematicalmethodstodescribetheobservations.Theresultsaremethodsformodelingviscousfluidsandairflow,inadditiontowater,thatarepracticalandappropriate.1.2Thisguideincludesmanytermstoassisttheuserinunderstandingtheinformationpresentedhere.Aground-watersystem(soilsandwater)mayberepresentedbyaphysical,electrical,ormathematicalmodel,asdescribedin.Thisguidefocusesonmathematicalmodels.Thetermmathematicalmodelisdefinedin;however,itwillbemostoftenusedtorefertothesubsetofmodelsrequiringacomputer.1.3Thisguideintroducestopicsforwhichotherstandardshavebeendeveloped.Theprocessofapplyingaground-waterflowmodelisdescribedinGuideD5447.Theprocessincludesdefiningboundaryconditions(GuideD5609),initialconditions(GuideD5610),performingasensitivityanalysis(GuideD5611),anddocumentingaflowmodelapplication(GuideD5718).Otherstepsincludedevelopingaconceptualmodelandcalibratingthemodel.Aspartofcalibration,simulationsarecomparedtosite-specificinformation(GuideD5490),suchaswaterlevels.1.4Modeluseandmisuse,limitations,andsourcesoferrorinmodelingarediscussedinthisstandard.Thisguidedoesnotendorseparticularcomputersoftwareoralgorithmsusedinthemodelinginvestigation.However,thisguidedoesprovidereferencestosomeparticularcodesthatarerepresentativeofdifferenttypesofmodels.1.5Typically,acomputermodelconsistsoftwoparts;computercodethatissometimescalledthecomputerprogramorsoftware,andadatasetthatconstitutestheinputparametersthatmakeuptheboundaryandinitialconditions,andmediumandfluidproperties.Astandardhasbeendevelopedtoaddressevaluationofmodelcodes(seePracticeE978).1.6Standardshavebeenpreparedtodescribespecificaspectsofmodeling,suchassimulatingsubsurfaceairflowusingground-waterflowmodelingcodes(seeGuideD5719)andmodelingaspartoftherisk-basedcorrectiveactionprocessappliedatpetroleumreleasesites(seePracticeE1739).1.7Thisguideoffersanorganizedcollectionofinformationoraseriesofoptionsanddoesnotrecommendaspecificcourseofaction.Thisdocumentcannotreplaceeducationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessionaljudgment.Notallaspectsofthisguidemaybeapplicableinallcircumstances.ThisASTMstandardisnotintendedtorepresentorreplacethestandardofcarebywhichtheadequacyofagivenprofessionalservicemustbejudged,norshouldthisdocumentbeappliedwithoutconsiderationofaproject''smanyuniqueaspects.Theword"Standard"inthetitleofthisdocumentmeansonlythatthedocu......
【中国标准分类号】:P55
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_10
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Flexiblesheetsforwaterproofing-Determinationofresistancetotearing-Part2:Plasticandrubbersheetsforroofwaterproofing;GermanversionEN12310-2:2000
【原文标准名称】:防水软板.抗撕裂性测定.第2部分:屋顶防水用塑料和橡胶薄板
【标准号】:DINEN12310-2-2000
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2000-12
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:密封作业;撕裂扩展性能;屋顶密封;定义;屋面垫层;弹性织物;塑料薄膜;防水板;弹性薄板;橡胶薄板;热塑性的;测定;试验;建筑;塑料
【英文主题词】:Construction;Definition;Definitions;Determination;Elasticfabrics;Plasticsheets;Plastics;Roofsealing;Roofunderlays;Rubbersheets;Sealingworks;Sheetsofelastomer;Tear-offpropagationbehaviour;Tes
【摘要】:Thedocumentspecifiesamethodforthedeterminationoftearpropertiesofplasticandrubbbersheetsforroofwaterproofingusingatrapezoidaltestspecimenwithanick.
【中国标准分类号】:Q17
【国际标准分类号】:91_100_50
【页数】:7P;A4
【正文语种】:德语